Maritime law for shipowners, charterers, cargo owners and insurers.
The Swedish Maritime Code, Hague-Visby, the Rotterdam Rules, York-Antwerp and P&I matters – all in one place with an AI lawyer trained on the case law of Sweden's maritime courts and international carriage-of-goods-by-sea conventions.
Yleisimmät kysymykset
Kysymykset, jotka toistuvat tämän roolin käyttäjillä kerta toisensa jälkeen.
How is the carrier's limitation of liability calculated?
Maritime Code chapter 13, section 30: liability capped at 667 SDR per package or 2 SDR per kilo, whichever is higher. For a container without a declared number of packages, the container itself counts as one package. The right to limit liability is lost only in cases of intent or reckless conduct with knowledge that damage would probably result (chapter 13, section 33).
What complaint and limitation periods apply?
Maritime Code chapter 13, section 38: written notice of visible damage must be given at the latest upon delivery, and for non-apparent damage within 3 days. Proceedings must be brought within 1 year of delivery (chapter 13, section 39), extendable by agreement. For delay: notice within 60 days.
General average – when and how is it apportioned?
General average (Maritime Code chapter 17) requires a deliberate and reasonable sacrifice to save the common venture from a common peril. Apportionment follows the York-Antwerp Rules (usually YAR 1994/2016) across ship, freight and cargo by value. An average adjuster is appointed and security (a general average bond plus guarantee) is required.
Salvage – what compensation is payable?
The 1989 International Salvage Convention (incorporated in Maritime Code chapter 16): 'no cure – no pay'. Compensation is calculated based on the value salved, skill, effort and environmental factors. In an environmentally threatening operation, special compensation is available even without success (Article 14). The SCOPIC clause under LOF is often used.
Global limitation – what is covered?
LLMC 1976 (as amended in 1996), incorporated in Maritime Code chapter 9: the shipowner may constitute a limitation fund. The amount is based on the vessel's gross tonnage (GT). It covers claims for personal injury/property damage, but not salvage costs, oil-pollution damage (CLC), or crew claims. The right is lost in cases of intent or recklessness (Maritime Code chapter 9, section 4).
Oil-pollution damage from tankers – which liability regime applies?
CLC 1992 + the 1992 Fund + the 2003 Supplementary Fund (Maritime Code chapter 10): strict liability for the registered owner, channelled. The liability cap is based on GT, with mandatory insurance and a direct-action right against the insurer. The funds cover damage exceeding the owner's cap. Bunker damage: the Bunker Convention 2001 (Maritime Code chapter 10a).
Esitä kysymyksesi – saa oikeaan oikeudenalaan optimoitu vastaus
AI-moottorimme järjestelmäkehotteella, joka priorisoi olennaisen lainsäädännön ja oikeuskäytännön aiheelle vertical · maritime law.
Maritime Code chapter 13 – carriage of goods
Bill of lading, liability, limitation, complaint procedure.
International maritime conventions
Hague-Visby, the Rotterdam Rules, UNCLOS, CLC/Fund, LLMC, MLC 2006 – collected in the database.
Charterparties
Voyage charter, time charter, bareboat – BIMCO standard forms.
Salvage
LOF 2020, SCOPIC, Maritime Code chapter 16 – compensation and security.
General average
York-Antwerp Rules, average adjustment, security on discharge.
P&I insurance
Liability cover for shipowners – Gard, Skuld, North standard terms.
Maritime courts
Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö, Sundsvall – jurisdiction and case law.
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